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Log Essential Features Affecting Plants Using Raspberry-pi

Made by karthik-mb / Garden / Notifications / Plants / Sensors / IoT

About the project

Collect the moisture content, temperature, light intensity from the garden and send it automatically to concerned mail.

Project info

Difficulty: Moderate

Platforms: Raspberry Pi

Estimated time: 2 hours

License: GNU General Public License, version 3 or later (GPL3+)

Items used in this project

Hardware components

	Raspberry Pi 4 Model B	x 1
	Raspberry Pi camera	x 1
	Soil Moisture Sensor	x 1
	PIR motion sensor	x 1
	LDR	x 1
	DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor	x 1
	MCP3008 - 8-Channel 10-Bit ADC With SPI Interface	x 1
	Breadboard Mini Self Adhesive Red	x 1
	Red Led(1), Blue LED(1)	x 1
	Jumper wires Male to Female(6), Male to Male(9), Female to Female(5)	x 20

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Software apps and online services

	Bitvise SSH Client
	VNC Viewer

Story

Introduction

The plants are like all the other living organisms, they take care of themselves and sometimes dry while unable to help themselves. Someone external has to look after those like a gardener does. This project is built using Raspberry Pi which acts as a Gardener.

The device collects the sensor value from all the inputs and updates the row of database-groot.csv file for every 30 seconds. Alternatively, runs the motions detection code for every 2 seconds, any motion identified will be emailed to the authorised person. All the data is logged to to the file named database-groot.csv and is emailed for every hour and also when the execution is stopped.

Hardware Components:

Connecting Raspberry Pi

The Circuit Connections:

Moisture Sensor
- Center pin connected to channel-0 of MCP3008 IC
- One side pin to VCC(+3V)
- Other side pin to GND
Temperature & Humidity
- DATA pin connectedd to Raspberry-pi pin 4 in BCM mode
- VCC pin connected to +3V
- GND pin connected to GND
PIR
- DATA pin connected to pin 17 of Raspberry-pi in BCM mode
- VCC pin connected to +5V
- GND pin connected to GND
LDR
- DATA pin connected to channel-1 of MCP3008
- VCC pin cconnected to +3V
- GND pin connected to GND
MCP3008
- MCP3008 DGND to GND
- MCP3008 CS to RPI4 8
- MCP3008 DIN to RPI4 10
- MCP3008 DOUT to RPI4 9
- MCP3008 CLK to RPI4 11
- MCP3008 AGND to GND
- MCP3008 VREFF to +3V
- MCP3008 VCC to +3

Make the necessary connections from the circuit diagram, power up the pi. Here I've connected the raspberry through wi-fi network and opened it through VNC-Viewer.

Login to Raspberry-pi using ssh or through monitor. If you want to learn how to set up your pi click here. Assuming you have logged into the Raspberry

Open the terminal and dowload this repository, alternatively follow

sudo apt-get install updates
sudo apt-get install full-upgrade
git clone https://github.com/Ikarthikmb/gardener-groot

You should be able to see the folder gardener-groot in the home.

Installing The Libraries

1. Adafruit MCP3008

This library is for setting up the IC MCP3008.

To install from the source on Github connect to a terminal on the Raspberry Pi and run the following commands:

sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev python-smbus git
cd ~
git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_MCP3008.git
cd Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
sudo python setup.py install

If you see an error go back and carefully check all the previous commands were run, and that they didn't fail with an error.

2. Adafruit Python DHT Sensor Library

Using this library you can read the analog values of Temperature and Pressure into your Raspberry Pi. In terminal

sudo pip install Adafruit_DHT

3. smptlib

This library installs the required packages to send and receive the mails. To install

pip install secure-smtplib

4. Pi Camera

The Picamera library is prebuilt but it is not activated. In order to turn it on

    sudo raspi-config

In the Menubox go to Interfacing --> Camera and then select Yes and save. If this is the first time you are turning the camera ON, it is recommended to reboot the Pi.

The Code Running the code file `grootv1.py`End of the output

Now to run the code open the terminal go through the following steps:

cd gardener-groot
python grootv1.py

You shoud abe able to see the code started, displaying the readings of the sensors. Try touching to plant to test whether the device is cable to capture it. The one problem we faced here is that the the device captures the image for the detected motion even though the plant is not harmed externally.

Image showing a person touching the plant

Image captured when motion is been detected but not harming the plant

For detailed log for the day 19 April 2020 click here.

Analysing Data

A relation between Temperature, Humidity, LightVal and MoistureVal with respect to time

The detailed log of the readings from the Raspberry is sent to the respective email at the end of the code, also it is automatically sent to email for every one hour(Can be customised).

Here in this stage one can apply programming knowledge to analyse and get the results like the waveform and grahs. To make it simpler I used google spreadsheets to analyse and depict a graph for the values obtained. You can take a look oh how the google spreadsheets have given such beautiful layouts.

Conclusion

After analysing the data it is observed that the moisture in the soil is perfectly alright, the sunlight is varying from high to low which means the light is not properly available to the plant. The temperature is too high for such a plant to survive which means I have to shift the location of the plant immediately to a better place. With the constant high temperature of 32 C the humidity has been decreasing slightly and reached a minimum of 41 percentage.

The final statement is that the location where I'm staying isn't suitable for any plant to grow, infact for me too so, I'm leaving now in search for a better house where myself along with my pot can stay healthy.

Resources:

Schematics, diagrams and documents

Circuit Connection

Analysed Data from the logged values

Code

Gardener Groot Script

#!/usr/bin/python

"""
 ========================================================================
 Gardener-Groot
 The role of the Groot is to frequently moniter the plant, identify if there 
 is sufficient amount of water, sunlight and temperatureload it into the 
 database-groot.csv file, mail it to the master at the end. It can also 
 detect if there is any harm caused(somebody touches the plant or any animal 
 tries to eat the leaves) apparently takes a picture and mails to its master.
 The Circuit:
 - Moisture Sensor
    Center pin connected to channel-0 of MCP3008 IC
    One side pin to VCC(+3V)
    Other side pin to GND
 - Temperature & Humidity
    DATA pin connectedd to Raspberry-pi pin 4 in BCM mode
    VCC pin connected to +3V
    GND pin connected to GND
 - PIR
    DATA pin connected to pin 17 of Raspberry-pi in BCM mode
    VCC pin connected to +5V
    GND pin connected to GND
 - LDR
    DATA pin connected to channel-1 of MCP3008
    VCC pin cconnected to +3V
    GND pin connected to GND
 - MCP3008
    MCP3008 DGND to GND
    MCP3008 CS to RPI4 8
    MCP3008 DIN to RPI4 10
    MCP3008 DOUT to RPI4 9
    MCP3008 CLK to RPI4 11
    MCP3008 AGND to GND
    MCP3008 VREFF to +3V
    MCP3008 VCC to +3
 This project code and reference details is made available at
 https://github.com/ikarthikmb/gardener-groot/
 created 14 March 2020
 by Karthik M B
 modified 19 April 2020
 by Karthik M B
 =========================================================================
"""

import os
progName = os.path.basename(__file__)
horz_line = '------------------------------------------------------------------'
print(horz_line)
print('\t\t\tStarting %s         ' % (progName))
print(horz_line)
print('\nPress ctrl+c to exit')
print('Loading wait ....\n')

#Importing all the required libraries
import sys
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
from picamera import PiCamera
from gpiozero import MotionSensor
import Adafruit_MCP3008 as mcp
import Adafruit_DHT
from time import sleep
import time
from csv import writer
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders

GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

GPIO.setup(12, GPIO.OUT)  # Setup the red LED 
GPIO.setup(18, GPIO.OUT)  # Setup the blue LED

pir=MotionSensor(17)  # Setting up the PIR Motion Sensor

camera=PiCamera()  # Setting up the Pi Camera Module
camera.rotation = 180  # Rotating the camera orientation if it is not angled properly

mcpval = mcp.MCP3008(clk=11, cs=8, miso=9, mosi=10)

dht = Adafruit_DHT.DHT11  # Importing DHT11 library from Addafruit Library

# Setting the mail client
fromaddr = "iamgrooty20@gmail.com"   # Change this to the sender's gmail address
toaddr = "iamgrooty20@gmail.com"   # Change this to the receiver's gmail address
msg = MIMEMultipart()   # instance of MIMEMultipart 
msg['From'] = fromaddr   # storing the senders email address 
msg['To'] = toaddr   # storing the receivers email address 

starttime = time.time()   # Program start time
humidity=0; moistval = 0; lightval = 0   # Set the initial values to zero

def temperature(row_list):
    humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(Adafruit_DHT.DHT11, 4)    # Reading the humidity and temperature values
    print("[VAL] Temperature: {} C, Humidity: {} %" .format(temperature,humidity))
    if temperature <= 34 and temperature >= 20 and humidity <= 75 and humidity >= 35:
        print("[MSG] The weather is alright")
    else:
        print("[MSG] The temperature and Humidity are not suitable")
    temperature = int(temperature); humidity = int(humidity)
    makearow(temperature, row_list)
    makearow(humidity, row_list)
    return row_list

def moisture(row_list):
    moistval = mcpval.read_adc(0)    # Reading moisture value
    print("[VAL] Moisture reading: {}" .format(moistval))
    # code to determine the status of water
    if moistval >= 930:
        print("[INFO] No Water, Can you please Water me")
        blink(5, "blue")
    elif moistval <= 930 and moistval >= 500:
        print("[MSG] Need some water")
    elif moistval <= 500 and moistval >= 325:
        print("[MSG] I'm doing good now")
    elif moistval <= 325:
        print("[MSG] Can you stop over pouring me please, I'm filled totally")
    moistval= int(moistval)
    makearow(moistval, row_list)
    return row_list

def light(row_list):
    lightval = mcpval.read_adc(1)
    print("[VAL] Light readings: {}" .format(lightval))
    # Code to determine the status of light
    if lightval == 0:
        print("[MSG] Light is insufficient")
    else:
        print("[MSG] The light is alright")
    makearow(lightval, row_list)
    return row_list

def motion():
    if pir.motion_detected:
        timestamp = time.ctime().replace(" ","-").replace(":","")
        image_name = "image-{}.png" .format(timestamp)
        camera.capture('/home/pi/Pictures/Stranger/{}' .format(image_name))    # Taking the picture of the detected motion
        blink(3,"red")
        file_name1 = image_name
        print("[INFO] Motion Detected")
        print("[INFO] Image Saved" .format(image_name))
        subject = "Motion Detected {}" .format(image_name)
        path_name = "/home/pi/Pictures/Stranger/{}" .format(image_name)
        body_message = "\n Check the attachment below for the Image \n Image Source: {} at /home/pi/Pictures/Stranger/" .format(image_name)
        sendmail(subject, file_name1, path_name, body_message)     # Send the captured image to mail
        sleep(0.5) 
    else:
        return
    sleep(0.5)

def blink(n, color):    # Code to blink the LED's
    GPIO.output(12,GPIO.LOW)
    GPIO.output(18,GPIO.LOW)
    if color == "blue":
        pin = 18
    elif color == "red":
        pin = 12
    for b in range(n):
        GPIO.output(pin,GPIO.HIGH)
        sleep(0.2)
        GPIO.output(pin,GPIO.LOW)
        sleep(0.2)

def append_csv(file_name, list_of_elem):    # code to append a row to the database-groot.csv file
    # Open file in append mode
    with open(file_name, 'a') as write_obj:
        # Create a writer object from csv module
        csv_writer = writer(write_obj)
        # Add contents of list as last row in the csv file
        csv_writer.writerow(list_of_elem)
    print("[INFO] Row Updated \n[MSG] File name: {}" .format(file_name))

def makearow(item_val, row_list):    # Code to make a row of the sensed values
    row_list.append(item_val)
    return row_list   # Return the row

def sendmail(subject, file_name1, path_name, body_message):    # Sending the mail
    msg['Subject'] = subject    # storing the subject 
    body = body_message
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain')) 
    filename = file_name1
    attachment = open( path_name, "rb") 
    p = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream') 
    p.set_payload((attachment).read())  # To change the payload into encoded form 
    encoders.encode_base64(p)     # encode into base64 
    p.add_header('Content-Disposition', "attachment; filename= %s" % filename) 
    msg.attach(p)     # attach the instance 'p' to instance 'msg'
    s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)     # creates SMTP session 
    s.starttls()     # start TLS for security 
    s.login(fromaddr, "password")   # Authentication 
    text = msg.as_string()  # Converts the Multipart msg into a string
    s.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddr, text)   # sending the mail 
    print("[INFO] Mail Sent\n[MSG] Mailed to {}\n[MSG] Subject: {}" .format(toaddr,subject))
    s.quit()

def sendreport():    # Sending the final report of stored values that were stored in database-groot.csv file
    file_name1 = "database-groot.csv"
    subject = "Updated Report {}" .format(file_name1)
    path_name = "/home/pi/groot/mspy/{}" .format(file_name1)
    body_message = " Check the attachment below for detailed logs \n File Name: Report {}" .format(file_name1)
    sendmail(subject, file_name1, path_name, body_message)

def main():    # main program code
    blink(1, "red")    # Indicates that the device is started
    print("[INFO] Program Run Time {} seconds" .format(round(time.time() - starttime)))
    upcount = upcount = + 1
    while True:
        row_list = []
        if round(time.time() - starttime) % 30 <= 1.5:    # run this code for every 30 seconds time interval
            print("\n[{}][INFO] Reading Values..." .format(upcount))
            print("[INFO] Check Run Time {} seconds" .format(round(time.time() - starttime)))  # Set the time delay for the check
            timestamp1=time.ctime().replace(" ","_").replace(":","-")
            makearow(timestamp1, row_list)     # Makes the first column ie for date and time
            temperature(row_list)     # Reads the temperature value and loads into the list named 'row_list'
            light(row_list)    # Reads the light sensitivity and saves into the list named 'row_list'
            moisture(row_list)    # Reads the moisture value and saves into the list named 'row_list'
            csv_file = "database-groot.csv"    # The target csv file
            # print(row_list)   # Print the row appended
            append_csv(csv_file, row_list)    # Appends the 'row_list' to the csv file
            #print("\n")
            upcount = upcount + 1
            print("[INFO] Motion Detection Running...\t" )
            
        elif round(time.time() - starttime) % 3600 <= 1.5:
            sendreport()
            
        else:
            motion()     # Runs the Motion Detection code

        sleep(2.5)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        main()
        
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("")
        print("User Pressed ctrl+c")
        print("Stopping %s" %(progName))
        print('Sending Datalog to mail ...')
        #sendreport()
        print("Exiting Bye ...")
        print(horz_line)

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Log Essential Features Affecting Plants Using Raspberry-pi

About the project

Project info

Items used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Story

Introduction

Hardware Components:

Connecting Raspberry Pi

The Circuit Connections:

Installing The Libraries

The Code Running the code file `grootv1.py`End of the output

Analysing Data

Conclusion

Resources:

Schematics, diagrams and documents

Circuit Connection

Analysed Data from the logged values

Code

Gardener Groot Script

Credits

karthik-mb

Leave your feedback...

Shop

Project Hub

Video

Blog

Shop home

3D printing

Single Board Computers

Development kits

Sensors

Internet of things

Robotics

Accessories

Product of the Week

Electromaker Educator

The Electromaker Show

The Electromaker Podcast

Log Essential Features Affecting Plants Using Raspberry-pi

About the project

Project info

Items used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Story

Introduction

Hardware Components:

Connecting Raspberry Pi

The Circuit Connections:

Installing The Libraries

The Code Running the code file grootv1.pyEnd of the output

Analysing Data

Conclusion

Resources:

Schematics, diagrams and documents

Circuit Connection

Analysed Data from the logged values

Code

Gardener Groot Script

Credits

karthik-mb

Leave your feedback...

Related products

The Code Running the code file `grootv1.py`End of the output